Focal plane arrays (FPAs) are devices used in imaging systems to detect and record patterns of light. They are composed of an array of individual light-sensitive elements, such as photodiodes or pixels, that convert incoming light into electrical signals. FPAs are commonly used in cameras, telescopes, and other optical instruments for capturing and processing images. They allow for rapid and high-resolution imaging, making them essential for various scientific, medical, and industrial applications. Researchers in this field focus on developing new FPA technologies, improving sensitivity and efficiency, and optimizing image quality and processing capabilities.